I

Not felt except by a very few, & only under special circumstances

II

Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors, or favorably placed

III

Felt indoors.  Hanging objects swing. Vibration like passing of light trucks.  May not be recognized as an earthquake.

IV

Hanging objects swing.  Vibration like passing of heavy trucks or sensation of a jolt like a heavy ball striking the wall.  Standing motor cars rock.  Windows, dishes, & doors rattle.  Glasses clink.  Crockery clashes.  Wooden walls and frames creak.

V

Felt  outdoors; direction estimated.  Sleepers wakened.  Liquids disturbed, some spilled.  Small unstable objects displaced or upset.  Doors swing, close, open.  Shutters & pictures move.

VI

Felt by all.  Persons walk unsteadily.  Windows, dishes, glassware broken.  Knicknacks, books, etc. off shelves.  Pictures off walls.  Furniture moved or overturned.  Weak plaster and masonry cracked. Small bells ring (church, school).  Trees, bushes shaken visibly or hear to rustle.

VII

Difficult to stand.  Noticed by drivers of cars.  Hanging objects quiver.  Furniture broken.  Weak chimneys broken at roof line.  Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices, unbraced parapets and architectural ornaments.  Waves on ponds; water turbid with mud.  Small slides & caving in along sand or gravel banks.  Large bells ring.   Concrete irrigation ditches damaged.

VIII

Steering of cars affected.  Fall of stucco & some masonry walls.  Twisting, fall of chimneys, factory stacks, monuments, towers, elevated tanks.  Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down, loose panel walls thrown out.  Branches broken from trees.  Changes in flow or termperature of springs & wells.  Cracks in wet ground & on steep slopes.

IX

General panic.  Masonry destroyed or heavily damaged.  General damage to foundations.  fReam structures, if not bolted, shifted off foundations.  Frames cracked.  Serious damage to reservoirs.  Underground pipes broken.  Conspicous cracks in ground.

X

Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations.  Some well-built wood frame structures & bridges destroyed.  Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments.  Large landslides.  Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, etc.  Sand & mud shifted horizontally on beaches & flat land.  Rails bent slightly.

XI

Rails bent greatly.  Underground pipelines completely out of service.  Damage severe to wood frame structures, especially near shock centers.  Few, if any, masonry structures remain standing.  Large, well-built bridges destroyed by the wrecking of supporting piers or pillars.

XII

Damage nearly total.  Large rock masses displaced.  Lines of sight and level distorted.  Objects thrown in air.